Assessment of Vitamin D Status in General Population of Kashmir Valley of Indian Subcontinent

Introduction: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is reported to be high throughout the world. Overt Vitamin D deficiency manifests as rickets, birth defects and fractures in children. In adults, its manifestations include osteoporosis, osteomalacia, osteoarthritis, chronic muscular pain, increased risk of fractures, several endocrine, cardiovascular, immunological and neurologic disorders, some types of cancers, and depression. Objectives: To assess the Vitamin D status in general population of Kashmir valley by measuring serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH) D] levels. Method: Total 270 healthy volunteers from differing professions (69 men and 201 non-pregnant/non-lactating women, aged 18–65 years), residing in Kashmir valley were selected for this study. The samples were collected in both summer and winter months. Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency was defined as a Serum 25 (OH) D concentration of < 30 ng/ml. Results: 222 (82.2%) of the subjects studied had Vitamin D deficiency. 45 of the 69 males and 177 of the 201 females were found to be Vitamin D deficient. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency ranged from 58 % in the farmers group to 93% in the employee group. Vitamin D deficient subjects had a significantly lower mean weekly exposure to sunlight. Conclusion: The prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in Kashmir valley is high especially among women. Serum 25(OH) D concentrations are significantly related to sun exposure

Operative Management of Calcaneal Fractures using Mippo Technique

Introduction: Calcaneal fractures continues to be a topic ofcontroversy in terms of the optimal management modality.Current study aimed to access the sinus tarsi approach forthe fixation of calcaneal fractures in terms of radiological andfunctional results.Material and Methods: Study was conducted on 30 patientsof both genders aged between 20 and 60 years with both jointdepression and tongue type fractures, Sanders type 2 and type3 fractures.Results: In our study, as per AOFAS Scale at 3 months, 19(63.33%) calcaneum cases fell into the excellent group, 9 (30%)into good and 2(6.66%) into poor result group. The Mean ±SDAOFAS scale was 78.43±7.17 (range 55-85). At 6 months, theresult as per AOFAS scale showed further improvement with 28(93.33%) calcaneum cases falling into the excellent group and 2(6.66%) falling into the good result group. None of them fell inpoor group at 6 months follow up. The Mean ±SD AOFAS scalewas 90.03±5.24 (range 74-95).Conclusion: Fixation with plate using MIPPO techniquethrough sinus tarsi approach is an effective and safe methodwith good clinical and radiological results, for the treatmentof calcaneal fractures; to achieve anatomical restoration undervision, stable fixation and early mobilization with minimal softtissue complications.

Comparative Study of Carrying Angle between Dominant and Non Dominanat Limb in Kashmiri Population

Introduction: Carrying angle (CA) is the angle subtendedby median axis of the arm with fully extended and supinatedforearm. There is scarcity of evidence in the literature regardingdifferences between the CA in both sexes depending uponthe ossification of arm and forearm bones and comparison ofCA between dominant and non dominant limb. Study aimedat comparison of data obtained by measuring CA by manualmethod between dominant and non dominant limb in agegroup 18 – 30 years.Material and Methods: CA was measured in 200 individualsof both sexes by clinical method with a manual goniometer.Results: Present study shows the significant gender differenceand significant difference between dominant and non dominantlimb.Conclusion: Unnecessary x ray exposure to children, youngadults and pregnant women can be avoided, by measuring CAby clinical methods.

Observations on Sagittal Alignment of Lumbo-Sacral Spine in Asymptomatic Adults in Kashmir

Introduction: Sacropelvic parameters in various spine and hipdisorders have been published in various studies. We aimed tostudy the normal sacropelvic parameters and curvatures of thespine and their correlation in asymptomatic Indian adults inrelation to variations in sex and age.Material and Methods: 200 Volunteers were taken fromgeneral population with age ranging from 18-50. Patientwas made to stand and left lateral radiograph exposing C7 toS1 and both the hips with a long 30x90 cm cassette placedat 230 cm from the X-ray tube was performed by a singleradiographer to avoid bias.Results: The average LL, SS, PI, PT, and SVA values wereaverage 55.61±10.68, 38.38±8.33,47.94±10.24,10.16±6.23 and 17.27±9.72 respectively. No statistically significantdifference was observed in statistical values with regardsto sex. Our study showed that PI has significant positivecorrelations with SS, LL and PT, and also affects LL. SS hassignificant positive correlation with LL.Conclusion: The current results could contribute to not onlythe understanding of normal sagittal spinal alignment, but alsoserve as a basis for realignment strategies in young Kashmiriadults.